Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kokwazisa kwehlabathi malunga nokukhuseleka kwendalo kunye nokukhuseleka okungxamisekileyo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo, izixhobo zesintu zivale imiceli mngeni emininzi, kunye nengqolowa yengqolowa ivele njengento evelayo esekwe kwi-bi bi bi bio esekwe kwi-bi bib. Eli nqaku licacisa ngeempawu, uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nezinto ezinobuhlobo bengqolowa, zihlalutyhafisa amathuba ayo okufakelwa, kunye nokuncedisa ukubonelela ngezicelo zomthetho, kunye nokuncedisa ukuphuculwa kwemveliso yengqolowa.
1. Intshayelelo
Kwixesha lanamhlanje, imiba yokusingqongileyo iye yaba yenye yezona zinto ziphambili zisithintela ukuphuculwa koluntu. Izinto zesintu ezinjengeeplastiki kunye neefilimi zekhemikhali zibangele uthotho lweengxaki ezifana nokunqongophala kwezinto, ukusetyenziswa komgangatho ophezulu, kunye nonyango lwenkunkuma ngexesha lokuvelisa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nonyango lwenkunkuma. Ngokuchasene nale mvelaphi, kuyangxamiseka ukufumana izinto ezinokuhlaziywa, ezinokuhlaziywa kunye nokusingqongileyo ezinobuhlobo. Njengesityalo sokutya esibalulekileyo esikhule kakhulu kwihlabathi, iimveliso zengqolowa kwinkqubo yokulungisa, njengokutya kwengqolowa kunye nengqolowa yengqolowa kunye nengqolowa yengqolowa, ifunyenwe inokuba nento enkulu yokuphuhlisa izinto ezinkulu. Indawo enobuhlobo yengqolowa eguqulweyo yitekhnoloji yokufumana ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye kulindeleke ukuba iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ibuye iipateni ezininzi zomizi-mveliso.
2. Ushwankathelo lweIzinto ezinobuhlobo bengqolowa
Imithombo kunye nezithako zezinto ezingafunekiyo
Izixhobo zengqolowa zengqolowa zinobuhlobo obufunyenweingqolowa yengqolowakunye ne-bran. Ingqolowa yengqolowa ityebile kwi-seluplose, i-hemicellulose neLign, kwaye aba basebenzi bendalo babonelela ngenkxaso esisiseko yezinto ezibonakalayo. I-SellUlose ineempawu zamandla aphezulu kunye ne-crystallinity ephezulu, enika ubunzima bezinto eziphathekayo; I-hemicellulose ilula kakhulu ukuba inciphise kwaye inokuphucula ukusebenza; I-LIGIN inyusa ubungqola kunye nokuchasana kwamanzi kwento. Ingqolowa yengqolowa ityebile kwi-fiber ye-fiber, iproteyini kunye nenani elincinci lamafutha, amazimbiwa, njl njl.
Inkqubo yokulungiselela
Okwangoku, inkqubo yokulungiselela yengqolowa yengqolowa igubungela iindlela zomzimba, zekhemikhali nezendalo. Iindlela zomzimba ezifana nokutyhoboza koomatshini kwaye zishushu ezishushu, zithintela umququ kwaye emva koko ziyibekele phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, zilula ukusebenza kwaye ziphantsi ngexabiso. Bahlala besetyenziswa ukulungiselela iimveliso eziphambili ezinjengeephepheya zetafile kunye neepleyiti; Iindlela zekhemikhali ziquka ukuthotyelwa kunye nokuphendula kwe-elekherise, ezisebenzisa ukufunyanwa kweekhemikhali ukulungisa imeko yemolekyuli yokuphucula iimfuno zokupakisha kunye nokufaka iimbaleki, kodwa kukho umngcipheko weendawo zokuhlala zekhemikhali; Iindlela zebhayoloji zisebenzisa i-microorganisms okanye i-enzymes yokuphelisa kwaye iguqule izinto ezingafunekiyo. Inkqubo iluhlaza kwaye ethambile, kwaye ixabiso elongeziweyo olunokulungiswa. Nangona kunjalo, umjikelo wokubiyela omde kunye neendleko eziphezulu zamalungiselelo e-Enzyme umda kwizicelo eziphezulu, kwaye uninzi lwazo lukwinqanaba lelebhu kunye nenqanaba lophuhliso.
I-3. Izibonelelo zeZakhono eziBekekileyo ezinobuhlobo
Ubuhlobo bokusingqongileyo
Ngokwembono yovavanyo lomjikelo wobomi, izinto ezinobuhlobo bengqolowa zibonakalise izibonelelo zayo. Inkqubo yayo yokukhula kwempahla ye-Dluw ifumana i-carbon diokside kwaye ikhuphe ioksijini, enceda ekunciphiseni isiphumo se-Greenhouse; Inkqubo yemveliso inoluvo lwamandla aphantsi, olunciphisa kakhulu ukuxhomekeka kumandla eefosili xa kuthelekiswa nePetroleum yePetroleum-esekwe kwiplastiki yeplastiki; Unyango lwenkunkuma emva kokusetyenziswa lulula, kwaye lungade lube lude kwindawo engenabungozi, i-hurbon diokside kunye ne-hurusside yendalo kunye ne-hurus-riosion "ye-plastiki yemveli.
Ukuvuselelwa kwezixhobo
Njengesityalo sonyaka, ingqolowa ityalwe ngokubanzi kwaye inemveliso enkulu yehlabathi jikelele yonyaka, enokuthi ibonelele ngokuqhubekayo kwaye ibonelele ngokuqhubekeka kwezinto ezaneleyo zokulungiselela izinto eziphathekayo. Ngokungafaniyo nezixhobo ezingavuselelekiyo ezinjengeoyile kunye namalahle, okukude kwimveliso yezolimo icwangciswe ngokufanelekileyo, izixhobo zengqolowa ziphantse zangaphantsi komzi-mveliso wezinto ezibonakalayo, kwaye zivumelana nomxholo woqoqosho lwesetyhula.
Intsebenzo eyahlukileyo
Izinto ezinobuhlobo bengqolowa zinobuntu obunobushushu obunobushushu kunye nepropathi yokufakelwa kwesandi, ethathwe kwisiseko sayo sangaphakathi. Umoya uyakuzalisa ukwenza isithintelo sendalo, esinezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo kwicandelo leeBhodi zokuHlamisa izixhobo zokuncedisa; Kwangelo xesha, izinto ezibonakalayo zikhanya ngokomgangatho kwaye zinobunzima obusezantsi, obunciphisa ubunzima bemveliso kwaye ziqhubele phambili kwezothutho kunye nokusetyenziswa. Umzekelo, kwicandelo lepakeji ye-Aerospace, inciphisa iindleko ngelixa kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okhungelayo; Ukongeza, ikwanazo iipropathi ezithile. Izithako zendalo kumngxunya wengqolowa kunye nengqolowa zinefuthe lokukhula kwezixhobo, zandisa ubomi bemveliso, kwaye inamathemba aphezulu kwizicelo zokupakisha ukutya.
4. IIMALI ZESICWANGCISO SOKUGQIBELA
Ishishini lokupakisha
Kwicandelo lokupakisha, indawo enengqolowa enobuhlobo ngokuthe ngcembe ithatha indawo yokufakelwa kweplasti yemveli. Ngokuphathelele kwitafile yokulahlwa, iipleyiti, iibhokisi zesidlo sasemini, iingca, njl njl. Ezinye ezinye iinkampani ezinkulu zekhonkco sele ziqalile ukuzama kwaye zizikhuthaze; Kwindawo yokubonisa, izixhobo zokuthambisa, iimvulophu, kunye neebhokisi ezenziwe ngazo zisetyenziselwa ukugcwalisa impahla, enokukhusela iimpahla ezifanelekileyo, zikhusela iimpahla ngexesha elinye, ukunciphisa ukuqokelela kwenkunkuma. Iqonga le-E-Comminerce kunye neenkampani ezichazayo zililinge, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ziphinde zenzeke kwakhona.
Ishishini lendwangu
I-selselose fiber ikhutshwe kumngxunya wengqolowa kunye nengqolowa, kwaye iqhubelwe kuhlobo olutsha lwendwangu yendwangu kwi-Spinning. Olu hlobo lwelaphu luthambile kwaye lube nolusu olunobuhlobo, ukuphefumla, kwaye lube ne-ansen elona nqanaba lokufuma elinomqhaphu emsulwa. Yomile kwaye ikhululekile ukuyinxiba, kwaye inombala wayo wendalo kunye nombala. Inexabiso elinobuhle obukhethe kwaye liye kwicandelo lefashoni yefashoni ephezulu kunye nendawo yasekhaya. Ezinye iimpawu zefashoni ziye zasungula impahla yokuhlela ephethwe ye-fibere, etsala umdla wokuthengisa kwaye ifakwe amandla kuphuhliso lwefashoni elizinzileyo.
Ishishini lokwakha
Njengokukhutshelwa kwezinto zokufakwa kwesakhiwo, iiphaneli ezinobuhlobo ngokuyisimo ezinobuhlobo bokufakwa, kwaye isiphumo sokufakelwa sinokuthelekiswa nezo phatho zemveli zemveli, kodwa ngaphandle kokukhupha umlilo zezakhiwo; Kwangelo xesha, zisetyenziselwa umhombiso ongaphakathi, onjengeephaneli zokuhombisa zangaphakathi kunye nophahla, ukudala umoya wendalo, kwaye unokulungelelanisa i-sundores engaphakathi, i-odors, kunye nokudala imeko yokuphila enempilo. Ezinye iiprojekthi zokwakha indalo iye yabamkela ngesixa esikhulu, zikhokelela kwitrap yezinto zokwakha eziGreen.
Ifildi yezolimo
Kwimveliso yezolimo, iimbiza zokwenza imbewu kunye ne-mulch eyenziwe ngezinto ezinobuhlobo bengqolowa zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Iimbiza zokuzila zinokubakho ngokwemvelo, kwaye akukho sidingo sokususa iimbiza xa kudluliselwa imbewu yembewu, ukuphepha umonakalo wengcambu yokufakelwa kokudluliselwa kokudluliselwa kwendlela yokufakelwa; I-Debch enobungozi igubungela ifama, igcina umswakama kwaye inyusa ubushushu ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo, kwaye icombulula ingxaki ye-mulch ingcolisa umhlaba kunye nokuphakamisa ukusebenza kwezolimo.
V. Imiceli mngeni ijongene nayo ngokuphuhliswa kwezixhobo ezinobuhlobo bengqolowa
Ibhotile yezobugcisa
Ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili kuphando kunye nophuhliso, ubunzima bezobuchwephesha busekhona. Okokuqala, ulungelelwaniso lwentsebenzo. Ngokwenyani yokuphucula amandla kunye nokungaxhathisi kwamanzi ukuhlangabezana nemeko yokusetyenziswa kobunzima, itekhnoloji ekhoyo ayinakusebenza kwendleko kunye nokusebenza, okuthintela ukwandiswa kwezicelo eziphezulu. Okwesibini, inkqubo yemveliso ayizinzanga, kwaye ukuguquguquka kwezithako ezinqabileyo ezikwiibhetri ezahlukeneyo kukhokelela kumgangatho wemveliso engalinganiyo, ekwenze kube nzima ukufezekisa ukuzithemba okukhulu komgangatho, kuchaphazela ukuthembeka kotyalo-mali kunye nentengiso.
Izinto zexabiso
Okwangoku, iindleko zezinto ezinobuhlobo bengqolowa ziphezulu kuneyona nto yesiqhelo. Kwinqanaba lokuqokelela lezinto eziphathekayo, umququ uye wasasazeka, ireyithi yeradiyo inkulu, kwaye ukugcinwa kunzima, enyusa ukuhambisa kunye neendleko zokuhlawula; Kwinqanaba lemveliso, izixhobo eziphambili zixhomekeke kulungiselelo lokungenisa elizweni, i-bilogicalmesmesmesmesmes kunye nokulungiswa kweekhemikhali kuyabiza, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwamandla emveliso kuphantsi, kusabiza indleko enkulu yeendleko; Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokukhuthaza ukuthengisa, umxholo awusenziwa, kwaye iindleko zemveliso yeyunithi azinakuncitshiswa. Kukwisingamkeli ekukhuthazeni izinto zemveli eziphantsi, ezithintela abathengi kunye namashishini ekukhetheni.
Ulwazi malunga nokwamkelwa kunye nokwamkelwa
Abathengi bakudala baqhelene nezinto zesiko kunye neemveliso, kwaye banolwazi olulinganiselweyo lwezixhobo ezinobuhlobo bengqolowa. Bakhathazekile ngokwenza kwabo ukwenzela nokhuseleko, kwaye banokukuvuma okuncinci ukuthenga; Kwicala lamashishini, banqunyelwe ziindleko kunye nemingcipheko yobugcisa kwaye zilumkile malunga nenguqu kwizixhobo ezitsha. Ngokukodwa, amashishini amancinci naphakathi naphakathi aphakathi angenasiseko anqongophele imali ye-R & D kunye neetalente, kwaye kunzima ukulandela ngexesha; Ukongeza, i-chain yemizi-mveliso ye-Ofisi yeMizi-mveliso ayisebenzi kakuhle, kwaye kukho ukunqongophala kweemveliso zokurisayikilisha kunye neendawo zokunyanga, ezichaphazela ukuphinda zisetyenziselwe impahla yenkunkuma, kwaye zithintela ukwandiswa kwemakethi yezinto zangaphambili zentengiso.
VI. Izicwangciso-nkqubo zempendulo kunye namathuba ophuhliso
Intsebenzo-iNtsebenziswano yoPhando yeDyunivesithi yokuqhekeza itekhnoloji
Iiyunivesithi, amaziko ophando lwesayensi kunye namashishini kufuneka asebenze kunye. Iiyunivesithi kufuneka zinikezele ngokupheleleyo kwizibonelelo zazo kuphando olusisiseko kuphando olusisiseko kwaye ziphonononge iindlela ezintsha zokulungiswa kwempahla kunye neendlela zebhaymusformations; Amaziko ophando lwesayensi kufuneka agxile ekusebenzenisweni, kwaye enze ngokudibeneyo ukuvelisa i-Pilot ngamashishini ukoyisa imiba yozizo yovavanyo; Amashishini kufuneka anikezele ngemali kunye nengxelo yentengiso yokukhawulezisa ukwenziwa kwezommiselo kweziphumo zophando zesayensi, njengokuseka amaziko e-R & D, kwaye urhulumente kufuneka adibane nokubonelela ngenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo ukukhuthaza itekisi kunye nokuphucula.
Inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo inciphisa iindleko
Urhulumente wazisa imigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso yokubonelela ngenkxaso yezothutho yokuqokelelwa kwezixhobo zokwenza izinto ukuze kunciphise iindleko zezinto; Icala lemveliso libonelela ngokukhululwa kwerhafu yokuthengwa kwezixhobo kunye nophando lwetekhnoloji entsha kunye nophuhliso ukukhuthaza amashishini ukuba ahlaziye itekhnoloji; Amashishini amileyo asezantsi asebenzisa izixhobo ezinobuhlobo kwingqolowa, njengeenkampani zokupakisha, zinikwa inkxaso-mali yempahla yentengiso yokuvuselela imfuno yentengiso, kunye nokunciphisa i-bin yexabiso kunye nezinto zexabiso ngezinto zexabiso.
Ukomeleza uluntu kunye nokuphucula ulwazi
Sebenzisa amajelo eendaba, imiboniso, kunye nezinto ezenziwa zesayensi ukuveza izibonelelo kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza zengqolowa zengqolowa ezinobuhlobo obuqhelekileyo, zibonisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nokupheliswa kwezinto ezenziwayo, kunye nokuphelisa iinkxalabo zabathengi; Nikezela ngoqeqesho lobugcisa kunye nesikhokelo senguqu kumashishini, sabela amava amanempumelelo empumelelo, kwaye ukhuthaze inzondelelo yenkampani; Seka imigangatho yeShishini kunye neenkqubo zokuNgeniswa kweMveliso, ukwenza umgangatho osemgangathweni, yenze kube lula kubathengi kunye namashishini ukuya nokuthembana, thambisa indalo elungileyo yendalo, kwaye ubambe ukusetyenziswa kwemakethi yentengiso.
VII. Ukujonga kwixesha elizayo
Ngobuchule obuqhubekayo betekhnoloji, ukuphuculwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo eqhubekayo yemigaqo-nkqubo, kunye nokuqonda okuphuculweyo kwemarike, izinto ezinobuhlobo bengqolowa kulindeleke ukuba zikwazi ukubhala ngokuqhubela phambili. Kwixesha elizayo, izixhobo zengqolowa ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziya kuzalelwa, zidibanisa izibonelelo zezinto ezahlukeneyo zendalo okanye zokwenziwa, kunye nokwandisa amasimi obuchwephesha obuphezulu njengeemoto kunye ne-elektroniki; Izinto ezibonakalayo zengqolowa ziya kuvela, ukuhlolwa okwenyani kwendalo esingqongileyo kunye nokutya okutsha kokutya, ukuxhobisa ukupakisha kunye namakhaya alumkileyo; Amaqela emizi-mveliso aya kubanjwa, kwaye ukuqhubekeka komzimba kwimveliso yokuphinda uyisebenzise kuya kuphuculwa ngendlela elungelelanisiweyo yemveliso yezixhobo, kwaye ibeka isiseko esiqinileyo sezinto ezizinzileyo zoluntu oluzinzileyo loluntu.
VIII. Ukuqukumbela
Izinto ezinobuhlobo bengqolowa ezinobuhlobo, kunye neenzuzo zendalo esingqongileyo, izixhobo zokusebenza kunye nezibonelelo zokusebenza, zibonakalise amathuba obubanzi kumasimi amaninzi. Nangona ngoku bejamelene nemiceli mngeni emininzi njengetekhnoloji, iindleko, kunye nemakethi, kulindeleke ukuba baphule kubunzima kwimizamo yemibutho yamaqela. Ukufumana ithuba lokuphuhlisa ngokufanelekileyo akuyi kusombulula kuphela ingxaki yezendalo esiziswe ngezinto eziluhlaza, kodwa ukufezekisa ixesha elitsha kwicandelo lezinto eziphilayo, kunye nokwenza ikhaya elingcono lendalo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.