Hamwe no gukomeza kunoza isi kumenya uburinzi bwibidukikije hamwe nigisubizo cyihutirwa cyiterambere, ibikoresho gakondo birahura nibibazo byinshi, hamwe nibikoresho byibikoresho byibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bifatika. Iyi ngingo irasobanura ibiranga, ubushakashatsi n'iterambere n'imiterere y'umusaruro w'ingano mu bidukikije, isesengura cyane. ibikoresho.
1. IRIBURIRO
Muri iki gihe, ibibazo by'ibidukikije byabaye kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bibuza iterambere ry'umuryango w'abantu. Ibikoresho gakondo nkibishushanyo hamwe na fibre yimiti byateje ibibazo bikomeye nkibijyanye nubukungu, gukoresha ingufu nyinshi, numwanda wera mugihe cyumusaruro, gukoresha no kuvura imyanda. Kurwanya aya mateka, birihutirwa kubona ibikoresho bishobora kuvugwa, bitesha agaciro nibindi bidukikije. Nkibihingwa byingenzi bihingwa cyane kwisi, ibicuruzwa byingano muburyo bwo gutunganya, nk'ibyatsi by'ingano n'ingano bran, byagaragaye ko bifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guteza imbere ibintu. Ingano Ibikoresho byinshuti zishingiye ku bidukikije byahinduwe nikoranabuhanganonologique igendanwa buhoro buhoro kandi biteganijwe ko bizahindura imiterere myinshi yinganda.
2. Incamake yaIngano Ibikoresho byinshuti
Inkomoko n'ibikoresho by'ibikoresho fatizo
Ingano Ibidukikije Ibidukikije bikomoka ahaniniibyatsi by'inganoBran. Ibyatsi by'ingano bikungahaye kuri selile, Hemicurullese n'indwara, kandi aya Polymes karemano atanga inkunga y'ibanze y'ibikoresho. Cellulose afite ibiranga imbaraga nyinshi na kariri ndende, itanga ubutoni; HemichullLese ni yororoka gutesha agaciro kandi ashobora kunoza imikorere yo gutunganya; Lignin yongera imbaraga no kurwanya amazi yibikoresho. Ingano ya Bran ikungahaye kuri fibre, poroteyine n'amavuta make, amabuye y'agaciro, nibindi, bikaba bishobora kunoza imikorere yibyatsi, nko kuzamura ibintu byoroshye, bikaba bikwiranye nubuhanga butandukanye bwo gutunganya.
Gutegura inzira
Kugeza ubu, inzira yo gutegura ibikoresho byingano Ibikoresho bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije bikubiyemo uburyo bw'umubiri, imiti na biologiya. Uburyo bwumubiri nko kubumba buke, bushyushye bukabije, bikaba bitera ibyatsi hanyuma bikayihindura munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nigitutu kinini, biroroshye gukora no gucika intege. Bakunze gukoreshwa mugutegura ibicuruzwa byibanze nkibikoresho bitagerwaho na plaque; Uburyo bwa fotoimire burimo imyigaragambyo no guhirika imiti, ikoreshwa reagents yo guhindura imiterere ya moleculation yibikoresho byo gupakira no kwikuramo amazi, ariko hariho ibyago byo gushinga imiti; Uburyo bwibinyabuzima bukoresha mikorobe cyangwa enzymes gutesha agaciro no guhindura ibikoresho fatizo. Inzira ni icyatsi kandi cyoroheje, kandi gifite agaciro gakomeye kizongerwa. Ariko, ukwezi kurambuye hamwe nibiciro byinshi bya enzyme byitegura bigabanya ibikorwa bikomeye, kandi benshi muribo bari mubushakashatsi bwa laboratoire nicyiciro cyiterambere.
3. Ibyiza by'ingano Ibikoresho bibangamira ibidukikije
Urugwiro
Ukurikije isuzuma ryubuzima, ibikoresho byimirire byingano byagaragaje ibyiza byabo. Gahunda yo gukura kw'ibikoresho ikurura dioxyde ya karuboni no kurekura ogisijeni, ifasha kugabanya ingaruka z'ikibuga; Inzira yumusaruro ifite ingufu nke, igabanya cyane kwishingikiriza ku mbaraga zibinyabuzima ugereranije na synthesi ishingiye kuri plastique; Gutunga imyanda nyuma yo gukoresha byoroshye, kandi birashobora kuba biodegrade byihuse mubidukikije, muri rusange yangaga ibintu bitagira ingaruka, mumezi make akemuwe no guhagarika amazi yanduye hamwe na Plastics ".
Kubaha Ibikoresho
Nkibihingwa byumwaka, ingano zatewe cyane kandi gifite umusaruro mwinshi ku isi buri mwaka, ushobora gukomeza kandi gitanga ibikoresho fatizo bihagije kugirango witegure ibintu. Bitandukanye n'umutungo uhanwa nk'amavuta n'amakara, igihe cyose umusaruro w'ingano uteganijwe, bigabanya ingaruka z'inganda ziterwa no guhungabanya umutungo, kandi bihuye n'igitekerezo cy'ubukungu buzenguruka.
Imikorere idasanzwe
Ingano Ibikoresho byinshuti zishingiye ku bidukikije bigira ubushyuhe bwiza hamwe nimiterere yubwiza, bikomoka kubice bya fibre byimbere. Umwuka uzuzuza gushinga inzitizi karemano, zifite ibyiza byingenzi mumwanya wo kubaka ikibaho; Muri icyo gihe, ibikoresho birira mu buryo bw'imiterere kandi bifite uburemere bubiri bugereranije, bugabanya uburemere bwibicuruzwa no korohereza ubwikorezi no gukoresha. Kurugero, murwego rwo gupakira Aerospace, bigabanya ibiciro mugihe ushimangira imikorere yo kurinda; Byongeye kandi, ifite kandi imitungo ya antibacteri. Ibikoresho bisanzwe mubyatsi by'ingano n'ingano bran bifite ingaruka zibuza gukura kwa mikorobe zimwe, zigura ubuzima bw'imikono y'ibicuruzwa, kandi ifite ibyifuzo byinshi mu gupakira ibiryo.
4. Ibikoresho bisaba ingano ibikoresho byinshuti zishingiye ku bidukikije
Inganda zipakira
Mu rwego rwo gupakira, ibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije binyuranyije buhoro buhoro bisimbuza buhoro buhoro gupakira plastike. Kubijyanye nameza yimyanya, amasahani, udusanduku twa sasita, ibyatsi, ibibi bikozwe mubyatsi by'ingano bisa no kuryoherwa, kandi ntibirekura imiti yangiza iyo ashyushye, isaba ko itangwa ry'ibiryo. Bamwe mu minyururu minini yo kugaburira ibigo byatangiye kugerageza no kubuza; Mu kwerekana ibipakira, ibikoresho byo kwiyuhagira, amabara, n'amakarito bikozwe byacyo bikoreshwa mu kuzuza umurongo, ufite imikorere myiza yo kunyerera, arinda amasoko y'imyanda ya Express. Ibibuga bya e-ubucuruzi hamwe nibigo byagaragaye ko byatwaye, kandi biteganijwe ko bizahindura icyatsi kibisi cyakozwe na sisitemu yicyatsi.
Inganda
Fibre ya selile yakuwe mubyatsi by'ingano n'ingano b'amanswa, kandi itunganijwe muburyo bushya bwimyenda yimyenda binyuze muburyo budasanzwe bwo kuzunguruka. Ubu bwoko bwimyenda yoroshye kandi bwuruhu, guhumeka, kandi bufite ubuhehere bugaragara kuruta ipamba nziza. Yumye kandi yorohewe no kwambara, kandi ifite ibara ryaryo nuburinganire. Ifite agaciro k'intungane idasanzwe kandi yagaragaye mubijyanye n'imirima yimyambarire yimyambarire yo hejuru hamwe nibikoresho byo murugo. Ibicuruzwa bimwe byimyambarire yatangije edition ya fibre ya fibre, ikurura ibitekerezo ku isoko no gutesha agaciro imbaraga mugutezimbere imyambarire irambye.
Inganda zubwubatsi
Nkibikoresho byo kwinjiza ibidukikije, ingano yinshuti zishingiye ku bidukikije biroroshye kwinjizamo, kandi ingaruka zo kwishyurwa ziragereranywa n'ikariso gakondo ya polystyrene, ariko utabanje gusohora gaze ya eletters hamwe n'uburyo bwa gaze ya nyuma, kuzamura umutekano w'umuriro w'inyubako; Muri icyo gihe, bakoreshwa mu mitako y'imbere, nk'uruhande rwo gushushanya urukuta no mu gisenge, kugira ngo bakore umwuka usanzwe kandi ususurumo, kandi rushobora kandi guhindura imishurire yo mu rugo, gukurura impumuro nziza, kandi batere ubuzima bwiza. Imishinga imwe yo kwerekana ibidukikije yabaremye ku bwinshi, iyobora icyerekezo cyibikoresho byo kubaka icyatsi.
Umwanya w'ubuhinzi
Mu musaruro w'ubuhinzi, inkono y'ibisasu n'ibisekuru bikozwe mu ngano Ibikoresho bibangamira ibidukikije bigira uruhare runini. Inkono zimbuto zirashobora guteshwa agaciro, kandi nta mpamvu yo gukuraho inkono mugihe cyo guhindura ingemwe, kwirinda kwangirika imizi no kunoza igipimo cyo kubaho; Gutesha agaciro Mulch bikubiyemo imirima, bigumana ubushyuhe kandi bwongera ubushyuhe bwo guteza imbere imikurire y'ibihingwa birangira, hatabayeho ingaruka z'ibihingwa bikurikira, bidahwitse ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi byangiza ubutaka no kubuza ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi, no guteza imbere iterambere ry'ubuhinzi.
V
Tekinike ya tekiniki
Nubwo iterambere mubushakashatsi niterambere, ingorane za tekiniki ziracyahari. Ubwa mbere, intego yibintu. Mu rwego rwo kuzamura imbaraga no kurwanya amazi kugirango uhuze ibintu bigoye usige, ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ntirishobora kuringaniza ibiciro n'imikorere, bigabanya kwaguka kwa porogaramu zo hejuru. Icya kabiri, inzira yumusaruro ntigihungabana, kandi ihindagurika ryibintu bifatika mubice bitandukanye biganisha ku miterere itagereranywa, bikaba bigoye kugera ku bicuruzwa bisanzwe, bigira ingaruka ku byiringiro by'imari n'ibibazo by'isoko.
Ibintu byateganijwe
Kugeza ubu, ikiguzi cy'ingano Ibikoresho bishingiye ku bidukikije birarenze ibyo bikoresho gakondo. Mu kusaruro mbisi, ibyatsi biratatanye, radiyo ya radiyo ni nini, kandi kubika biragoye, byongera ubwikorezi no kubika ibiciro; Mu cyiciro cyo gutanga umusaruro, ibikoresho byateye imbere bishingiye kubitumizwa mu mahanga, imyiteguro y'ibinyabuzima irahenze, kandi nubwo ibyo kurya by'ingufu zisa na bike bikunze, biracyashinzwe umubare munini w'ikiguzi; Mu cyiciro cya mbere cyo guteza imbere isoko, ingaruka nini ntizashizweho, kandi igiciro cyibicuruzwa ntigishobora kugabanuka. Ni mubibazo byo guhatanira ibikoresho gakondo bipimiwe, bibangamira abaguzi n'inzego zo guhitamo.
Kumenyekanisha isoko no kwemerwa
Abaguzi bamaze igihe kinini bamenyereye ibikoresho nibicuruzwa gakondo, kandi bafite ubumenyi buke bwifubu ibikoresho byimiterere yibidukikije. Bahangayikishijwe no kuramba kwabo n'umutekano wabo, kandi bafite ubushake bwo kugura; Ku ruhande rw'imishinga, bagarukira ku biciro n'ingaruka za tekiniki kandi bakitondera guhinduka kubikoresho bishya. By'umwihariko, imishinga mito n'iciriritse ibura amafaranga n'impano n'impano, kandi biragoye gukurikirana igihe; Byongeye kandi, urunigi rw'inganda ruto ntirufite ibikoresho byose, kandi habuze ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibintu byumwuga, kandi bigira ingaruka ku gutunganya ibicuruzwa, kandi na byo bibubuza kwagura isoko ry'imbere ryibikoresho.
Vi. Ingamba zo gusubiza no amahirwe yo kwiteza imbere
Inganda-Ubufatanye nubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi kugirango ucire nikoranabuhanga
Kaminuza, ibigo by'ubushakashatsi mu bya siyanse n'inzego zigomba gukorana cyane. Kaminuza zigomba gutanga ibintu byuzuye mubyiza byabo mubushakashatsi bwibanze no gucukumbura uburyo bushya bwo guhindura ibikoresho hamwe ninzira zibinyabuzima; Ibigo by'ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi bigomba kwibanda ku buryo bworoshye, kandi hamwe no gukora umusaruro w'icyitegererezo n'inzego zo gutsinda ibibazo bya tekiniki; Ibigo bigomba gutanga amafaranga n'ibitekerezo byo mu isoko kugira ngo byihutishe inganda z'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, nko gushyiraho ibigo bihuriweho na R & D, na guverinoma bigomba kubahiriza no gutanga inkunga ya politiki yo guteza imbere irederation no kuzamura.
Inkunga ya politiki igabanya ibiciro
Guverinoma yashyizeho politiki y'inkunga yo gutanga ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu ku cyegeranyo kibisi kugirango igabanye ibikoresho; Uruhande rutanga umusaruro rutanga imisoro kugura ibikoresho no gukora ikoranabuhanga mashya niterambere kugirango bashishikarize imishinga ivugurura ikoranabuhanga; Ibigo bya enwrem bikoresha ingano zishingiye ku bidukikije, nko gupakira hamwe n'ibigo by'ibibanza byashizweho kugira ngo bishishikarize ibisabwa, kandi binyuze mu nkunga y'umuryango wose w'inganda, fasha kugabanya urunigi rw'inganda, fasha kugabanya ibiciro no kugabanya icyuho cy'ibiciro n'ibikoresho by'ibiciro bifite ibikoresho gakondo.
Gushimangira kumenyekana no kuzamura ubumenyi
Koresha itangazamakuru, imurikagurisha, hamwe nibikorwa bya siyanse byo kumenyekanisha ibyiza nibisabwa byingano Ibikoresho byinsengero zishingiye ku bidukikije binyuze mu miyoboro myinshi, byerekana umutekano wigenga, kandi ukureho impungenge z'umuguzi; Tanga amahugurwa ya tekiniki no guhindura imitekerereze ku bigo, gusangira ibintu neza, kandi bikangura ishyaka ry'isosiyete. Shiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho n'ibicuruzwa, byerekana isoko, korohereza abaguzi n'ingeso nziza mu buryo bwo kwiringirwa, kandi ufate ibidukikije byiza by'inganda, kandi ufate ibidukikije byiza by'inganda, kandi ufate ibidukikije byiza by'inganda n'amasoko arambye y'amasoko.
Vii. Ibizaza
Hamwe no gukurikira udushya twikoranabuhanga, gukomeza kunoza politiki, no kunoza isoko kumenyekanisha ibidukikije, ibikoresho byincuti z'ibidukikije biteganijwe ko biteganijwe gukorerwa mu iterambere riturika. Mugihe kizaza, ibikoresho byingano byingano bizavuka, guhuza ibyiza nibikoresho bitandukanye cyangwa bidafite amashanyarazi, no kwaguka mumirima miremire nkimodoka na electronics; Ibikoresho by'ingano byubwenge bizagaragara, hagamijwe gukurikirana igihe nyacyo ibidukikije nibiriza bishya, guha imbaraga ibipfunyika byubwenge ningo zubwenge; Ihuriro ry'inganda rizashyirwaho, kandi urunigi rwose ruturuka ku guhanga amaso, gutunganya ibintu byo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bizatera imbere mu nganda z'icyatsi kibisi, no gushira urufatiro rukomeye rw'inganda z'icyatsi kibisi, kandi zigahimba urufatiro rukomeye rw'inganda z'indamba z'ibisimba ku isi.
VIII. Umwanzuro
Ingano Ibikoresho byinshuti zishingiye ku bidukikije, hamwe n'ibidukikije bishingiye ku bidukikije, ibikoresho n'ibikorwa by'imikorere, byerekanye ibyifuzo byinshi mu mirima myinshi. Nubwo ubu bahura nibibazo byinshi nkikoranabuhanga, igiciro, nisoko, biteganijwe ko bazacika intege binyuze mu mbaraga zikoreshwa mu mashyaka yose. Gufata amahirwe yo guteza imbere cyane ntibizakemura gusa ibibazo by'ibidukikije byazanywe n'ibikoresho byatsi bibi, ahubwo bizanabyara ibibazo by'iterambere ry'ubukungu no gukumira ibidukikije mu bijyanye n'ibidukikije mu bihe bizaza.